External and Internal Electric Cardiac Pacemakers
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Implantable cardiac pacemakers.
Since implantable artificial cardiac pacemakers were first produced in Sweden and the United States in 1958, there has been continual improvement in manufacturing techniques, and reliability ofmodem apparatus has increased to the extent that pacing is generally accepted as the treatment of choice for a high proportion of patients with complete heart block. Nevertheless the use of pacemakers is ...
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Over 100,000 implantable cardiac pacemakers are currently being used to rehabilitate patients with heart block. The chemical batteries powering these pacemakers usually fail within a few years. A variety of nuclear batteries with the potential of providing long-lived (10-20 years) pacemaker power, are under development. This paper reviews the status of this development. Nuclear powered pacemake...
متن کاملPossible Exposure of Persons with Cardiac Pacemakers to Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) Electric and Magnetic Fields
The number of persons with implanted cardiac pacemakers (PM) has increased in Western countries. The aim of this paper is to investigate the possible situations where persons with a PM may be exposed to extremely low frequency (ELF) electric (EF) and magnetic fields (MF) that may disturb their PM. Based on our earlier studies, it is possible to find such high public exposure to EFs only in some...
متن کاملNew developments in cardiac pacemakers.
New Developments in Cardiac Pacemakers Print ISSN: 0009-7322. Online ISSN: 1524-4539 Copyright © 2013 American Heart Association, Inc. All rights reserved. is published by the American Heart Association, 7272 Greenville Avenue, Dallas, TX 75231 Circulation doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.000086 2013;127:2343-2350 Circulation. http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/127/23/2343 World Wide Web at: Th...
متن کاملExternal and Internal Relations ∗
In the index to Appearance and Reality (First Edition) Mr. Bradley declares that all relations are “intrinsical”; and the following are some of the phrases by means of which he tries to explain what he means by this assertion. “A relation must at both ends affect, and pass into, the being of its terms” (p. 364). “Every relation essentially penetrates the being of its terms, and is, in this sens...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Circulation
سال: 1963
ISSN: 0009-7322,1524-4539
DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.28.3.455